Uses and Challenges of Artificial Intelligence–Enabled Fact-Checking in Journalistic Practice in Selected North-Central States of Nigeria

Abstract

The increasing spread of misinformation has heightened the need for effective fact-checking mechanisms in journalism, particularly in regions marked by political complexity, ethnic diversity, and infrastructural constraints. This study examined the uses and challenges of Artificial Intelligence (AI) as a fact-checking tool among journalists in North-Central Nigeria. Guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), the study adopted a qualitative approach, employing in-depth interviews with seven experienced media practitioners drawn from the six states in the region and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT), Abuja. Data were analysed thematically. The findings indicate that AI tools offer potential benefits for enhancing journalistic accuracy, speed, and efficiency in verification processes. However, their adoption is significantly constrained by linguistic diversity, cultural nuances that challenge algorithmic interpretation, limited internet connectivity, inadequate technological infrastructure, high costs, and unresolved ethical concerns. These factors collectively shape journalists’ cautious and selective use of AI in fact-checking practices. The study concludes that, while AI holds considerable promise for strengthening fact-checking in North-Central Nigeria, its effective integration remains contingent upon addressing contextual and structural barriers. It recommends sustained capacity-building for journalists, improved digital infrastructure, collaborative development of affordable and localised AI solutions, and the establishment of clear ethical guidelines to ensure that AI complements rather than supplants human journalistic judgement.